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This tutorial walks you through cracking WPA/WPA2 networks which use pre-shared keys. I recommend you do some background reading to better understand what WPA/WPA2 is. The Wiki links page has a WPA/WPA2 section. The best document describing WPA is Wi-Fi Security - WEP, WPA and WPA2. This is the link to download the PDF directly. The WPA Packet Capture Explained tutorial is a companion to this tutorial.
WPA/WPA2 supports many types of authentication beyond pre-shared keys. aircrack-ng can ONLY crack pre-shared keys. So make sure airodump-ng shows the network as having the authentication type of PSK, otherwise, don't bother trying to crack it.
There is another important difference between cracking WPA/WPA2 and WEP. This is the approach used to crack the WPA/WPA2 pre-shared key. Unlike WEP, where statistical methods can be used to speed up the cracking process, only plain brute force techniques can be used against WPA/WPA2. That is, because the key is not static, so collecting IVs like when cracking WEP encryption, does not speed up the attack. The only thing that does give the information to start an attack is the handshake between client and AP. Handshaking is done when the client connects to the network.Although not absolutely true, for the purposes of this tutorial, consider it true. Since the pre-shared key can be from 8 to 63 characters in length, it effectively becomes impossible to crack the pre-shared key.
The only time you can crack the pre-shared key is if it is a dictionary word or relatively short in length. Conversely, if you want to have an unbreakable wireless network at home, use WPA/WPA2 and a 63 character password composed of random characters including special symbols.
IMPORTANT This means that the passphrase must be contained in the dictionary you are using to break WPA/WPA2. If it is not in the dictionary then aircrack-ng will be unable to determine the key.
This step is optional. If you are patient, you can wait until airodump-ng captures a handshake when one or more clients connect to the AP. You only perform this step if you opted to actively speed up the process. The other constraint is that there must be a wireless client currently associated with the AP. If there is no wireless client currently associated with the AP, then you have to be patient and wait for one to connect to the AP so that a handshake can be captured. Needless to say, if a wireless client shows up later and airodump-ng did not capture the handshake, you can backtrack and perform this step.
The purpose of this step is to actually crack the WPA/WPA2 pre-shared key. To do this, you need a dictionary of words as input. Basically, aircrack-ng takes each word and tests to see if this is in fact the pre-shared key.
Unfortunately, sometimes you need to experiment a bit to get your card to properly capture the four-way handshake. The point is, if you don't get it the first time, have patience and experiment a bit. It can be done!
Simple passwords can be cracked using brute force; this is where an attacker uses tools that try every possible password until the correct one is found. This generally done using a dictionary attack, where an attacker will try known passwords and words until they find the one that unlocks an account. There are databases available on the internet that contain personal names as well as dictionary and slang words, in scores of languages, along with passwords found in data breaches, and more. One such database that I found through a simple web search contains 1.4 billion entries.
The length of passwords is a key element in their security, as is the number of characters available to use for the password. A four-digit PIN, for example, is relatively trivial to crack; there are only 10,000 possibilities (0000 through 9999). Even with a six-digit passcode, there are only 1 million possibilities (000000 through 999999). In both cases, most people tend to use predictable patterns such as dates (birthdates, anniversaries, etc.).
If you add letters onto that six-character password, however, then it becomes much harder to crack. Add symbols and other special characters, and it gets more difficult by several orders of magnitude. Every increase in length exponentially raises the amount of time needed to crack a password.
Of course, using quantum computing to crack passwords would massively reduce all those lengths of time. Passwords that might be nontrivial to break today could become trivial to break as soon as quantum computers are designed to tackle that specific task.
There are a few macOS-specific commands in the featured Python script that make it easy to convert the .plist file into a format Hashcat can interpret. This is why another MacBook (or at least another account on the target MacBook) is needed.
To figure out the target's Mac password without changing it, the hash will need to be brute-forced and cracked. MacOS does an excellent job of securing the target's password. It's not possible to view user passwords in plain-text. CPU-based cracking solutions (like JohnTheRipper) will literally take decades to crack a single hash and are therefore not effective. Hashcat with a decent GPU is highly recommended.
To find out if SIP needs to be disabled, open a Terminal while in recovery mode. In the menu bar at the top of the screen, select "Utilities," then "Terminal." Then, use the below ls -R command.
The dictionary attack, or "straight mode," is specified using the -a 0 argument. The macOS-specific hashing mode is enabled using the -m 7100 argument and is required for all macOS hashes extracted from version 10.8 or later. To improve Hashcat's overall performance, set the -w (or --workload-profile) to 4, to maximize the cracking speed. Finally, the --potfile-path argument is used to save the cracked hash to the specified file.
There is a list on the website of aircrack-ng, and I think the Alfa AWUS051NH v2 is great.Some people say it is expensive, but last time I checked on Google Shopping, it cost less than half an Apple mouse.
This manual show a manual to crack WiFi password from my MacBook Pro with MacOS 10.13 (HighSierra).I want to save the instruction to the future. If you want to repeat it you should familiar with console terminal.
Hi James - do you know how to get SAS loaded on an Apple MAC?Please note that this only for Intel based Macintosh machines. If yourmachine is new within the last 5 or so years, it will be an IntelMac. If you want to be sure you have an Intel, go to the Apple men andchoose About This Mac and then look at the Processor line tosee what you have.Sadly, there is no native Macintosh SAS program since version 6.2. Theonly recourse you have are:Run SAS OnDemand for Academics
Run SAS under an emulated Windows enviroment (Crossover Mac, unsuccessful)
Run SAS under Windows via Apple's Boot Camp
Run SAS under Windows in a Virtual Machine (VMWare, Parallels, VirtualBox)
SAS OnDemand is probably the simplest solution, but requires a highspeed network connection.Codeweavers Crossover Mac I couldn't get this to work, circa December 2012. However, a brave soulmight take another crack at it with an updated version. downloadtheir trial software and see if SAS can be made to work.The following solutions need a properly licensed copy ofWindows. Windows isn't inexpensive, so shop around. Also,an Upgrade version will not work unless you have an old copy ofWindows to "upgrade" from.While the last two seem the same, they are not in that Boot Campdirectly boots your Mac into Windows - you're not running Mac OS X atthe same time. With version 3 of Boot Camp, you can access your filesin either direction.I haven't used Boot Camp, so the best I can do is refer you to thisHowTo posted on iClarified.Your remaining option is to run a virtual machine: VirtualBox (free), VMWare Fusion ($80), orParallels ($80).Download and install VirtualBox (free)Download andinstall VMWare(you can try it for free).Download andinstall Parallels(you can try it for free).These products all do the same thing: emulate, by a program that runsunder Mac OS X, a relatively simple Intel computer. It acts like aphysical computer, so you can install an operating system and programsto that operating system.At this point, you simply need to:Run the virtual machine software of your choice, and have it guide you
Install Windows on that virtual machine
Install SAS to Windows
While that sounds hard, it usually isn't. And If you set up filesharing and save your files to the Mac side, you can have access toyour files even when the virtual machine isn't running. Google Maps Email webmaster@stat.fsu.edu Office: 214 OSB117 N. Woodward Ave.P.O. Box 3064330 Tallahassee, FL32306-4330
Successfully cracking a wireless network assumes some basic familiarity with networking principles and terminology, as well as working with command-line tools. A basic familiarity with Linux can be helpful as well. 2ff7e9595c
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